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| Note: Because the emissivity of a given material will vary with temperature and surface finish, the value in these tables should be used only as a guide for relative or differential temperature measurements. The exact emissivity of a material should be determined when high accuracy is required. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Metals Index
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| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Aluminium | ||
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .02 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .03 |
| Unoxidized | 932 (500) | .06 |
| Oxidized | 390 (199) | .11 |
| Oxidized | 1110 (599) | .19 |
| Oxidized at 1110¡F (599¡C) | 390 (199) | .11 |
| Oxidized at 1110¡F (599¡C) | 1110 (599) | .19 |
| Heavily Oxidized | 200 (93) | .20 |
| Heavily Oxidized | 940 (504) | .31 |
| Highly Polished | 212 (100) | .09 |
| Roughly Polished | 212 (100) | .18 |
| Commercial Sheet | 212 (100) | .09 |
| Highly Polished Plate | 440 (227) | .04 |
| Highly Polished Plate | 1070 (577) | .06 |
| Bright Rolled Plate | 338 (170) | .04 |
| Bright Rolled Plate | 932 (500) | .05 |
| Alloy A3003, Oxidized | 600 (316) | .40 |
| Alloy A3003, Oxidized | 900 (482) | .40 |
| Alloy 1100-0 | 200-800 (93-427) | .05 |
| Alloy 24ST | 75 (24) | .09 |
| Alloy 24ST, Polished | 75 (24) | .09 |
| Alloy 75ST | 75 (24) | .11 |
| Alloy 75ST, Polished | 75 (24) | .08 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Bismuth | ||
| Bright | 176 (80) | .34 |
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .05 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .06 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Brass | ||
| 73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished | 476 (247) | .03 |
| 73% Cu, 27% Zn, Polished | 674 (357) | .03 |
| 62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished | 494 (257) | .03 |
| 62% Cu, 37% Zn, Polished | 710 (377) | .04 |
| 83% Cu, 17% Zn, Polished | 530 (277) | .03 |
| Matte | 68 (20) | .07 |
| Burnished to Brown Color | 68 (20) | .40 |
| Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized | 392 (200) | .61 |
| Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized | 752 (400) | .60 |
| Cu-Zn, Brass Oxidized | 1112 (600) | .61 |
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .04 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .04 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Cadmium | 77 (25) | .02 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Carbon | ||
| Lampblack | 77 (25) | .95 |
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .81 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .81 |
| Unoxidized | 932 (500) | .79 |
| Candle Soot | 250 (121) | .95 |
| Filament | 500 (260) | .95 |
| Graphitized | 212 (100) | .76 |
| Graphitized | 572 (300) | .75 |
| Graphitized | 932 (500) | .71 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Chromium | 100 (38) | .08 |
| Chromium | 1000 (538) | .26 |
| Chromium, Polished | 302 (150) | .06 |
| Cobalt, Unoxidized | 932 (500) | .13 |
| Cobalt, Unoxidized | 1832 (1000) | .23 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Columbium | ||
| Unoxidized | 1500 (816) | .19 |
| Unoxidized | 2000 (1093) | .24 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Copper | ||
| Cuprous Oxide | 100 (38) | .87 |
| Cuprous Oxide | 500 (260) | .83 |
| Cuprous Oxide | 1000 (538) | .77 |
| Black, Oxidized | 100 (38) | .78 |
| Etched | 100 (38) | .09 |
| Matte | 100 (38) | .22 |
| Roughly Polished | 100 (38) | .07 |
| Polished | 100 (38) | .03 |
| Highly Polished | 100 (38) | .02 |
| Rolled | 100 (38) | .64 |
| Rough | 100 (38) | .74 |
| Molten | 1000 (538) | .15 |
| Molten | 1970 (1077) | .16 |
| Molten | 2230 (1221) | .13 |
| Nickel Plated | 100-500 (38-260) | .37 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Dow Metal | 0.4-600 (-18-316) | .15 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Gold | ||
| Enamel | 212 (100) | .37 |
| Plate(.0001) | ||
| Plate on .0005 Silver | 200-750 (93-399) | .11-.14 |
| Plate on .0005 Nickel | 200-750 (93-399) | .07-.09 |
| Polished | 100-500 (38-260) | .02 |
| Polished | 1000-2000 (538-1093) | .03 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Haynes Alloy C | ||
| Oxidized | 600 2000 (316-1093) | .90-.96 |
| Haynes Alloy 25 | ||
| Oxidized | 600-2000 (316-1093) | .86-.89 |
| Haynes Alloy X | ||
| Oxidized | 600-2000 (316-1093) | .85-.88 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Inconel | ||
| Sheet | 1000 (538) | .28 |
| Sheet | 1200 (649) | .42 |
| Sheet | 1400 (760) | .58 |
| X, Polished | 75 (24) | .19 |
| B, Polished | 75 (24) | .21 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Iron | ||
| Oxidized | 212 (100) | .74 |
| Oxidized | 930 (499) | .84 |
| Oxidized | 2190 (1199) | .89 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .05 |
| Red Rust | 77 (25) | .70 |
| Rusted | 77 (25) | .65 |
| Liquid | 2700-3220 (1516-1771) | .42-.45 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Iron, Cast | ||
| Oxidized | 390 (199) | .64 |
| Oxidized | 1110 (599) | .78 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .21 |
| Strong Oxidation | 40 (104) | .95 |
| Strong Oxidation | 482 (250) | .95 |
| Liquid | 2795 (1535) | .29 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Iron, Wrought | ||
| Dull | 77 (25) | .94 |
| Dull | 660 (349) | .94 |
| Smooth | 100 (38) | .35 |
| Polished | 100 (38) | .28 |
| Lead | ||
| Polished | 100-500 (38-260) | .06-.08 |
| Rough | 100 (38) | .43 |
| Oxidized | 100 (38) | .43 |
| Oxidized at 1100¡F | 100 (38) | .63 |
| Gray Oxidized | 100 (38) | .28 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Magnesium | 100-500 (38-260) | .07-.13 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Magnesium Oxide | 1880-3140 (1027-1727) | .16-.20 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Mercury | 32 (0) | .09 |
| Mercury | 77 (25) | .10 |
| Mercury | 100 (38) | .10 |
| Mercury | 212 (100) | .12 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Molybdenum | 100 (38) | .06 |
| Molybdenum | 500 (260) | .08 |
| Molybdenum | 1000 (538) | .11 |
| Molybdenum | 2000 (1093 | .18 |
| Oxidized at 1000¡F | 600 (316) | .80 |
| Oxidized at 1000¡F | 700 (371) | .84 |
| Oxidized at 1000¡F | 800 (427) | .84 |
| Oxidized at 1000¡F | 900 (482) | .83 |
| Oxidized at 1000¡F | 1000 (538) | .82 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Monel | ||
| Monel, Ni-Cu | 392 (200 | .41 |
| Monel, Ni-Cu | 752 (400) | .44 |
| Monel, Ni-Cu | 1112 (600) | .46 |
| Oxidized | 68 (20) | .43 |
| Oxidized at 1110¡F | 1110 (599) | .46 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Nickel | ||
| Polished | 100 (38) | .05 |
| Oxidized | 100-500 (38-260) | .31-.46 |
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .05 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .06 |
| Unoxidized | 932 (500) | .12 |
| Unoxidized | 1832 (1000) | .19 |
| Electrolytic | 100 (38) | .04 |
| Electrolytic | 500 (260) | .06 |
| Electrolytic | 1000 (538) | .10 |
| Electrolytic | 2000 (1093) | .16 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Nickel Oxide | 1000-2000 (538-1093) | .59-.86 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Palladium Plate | ||
| Nickel (.00005 on .0005 silver) | 200-750 (93-399) | .16-.17 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Platinum | ||
| Platinum | 500 (260) | .05 |
| Platinum | 1000 (538) | .10 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Platinum, Black | 100 (38) | .93 |
| Platinum, Black | 500 (260) | .96 |
| Platinum, Black | 2000 (1093) | .97 |
| Oxidized at 1100¡F (593¡C) | 500 (260) | .07 |
| Oxidized at 1100¡F (593¡C) | 1000 (538) | .11 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Rhodium Flash (0.0002 on | ||
| 0.0005Ni) | 200-700 (93-371) | .10-.18 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Silver | ||
| Plate (0.0005 on Ni) | 200-700 (93-371) | .06-.07 |
| Polished | 100 (38) | .01 |
| Polished | 500 (260) | .02 |
| Polished | 1000 (538) | .03 |
| Polished | 2000 (1093) | .03 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Steel | ||
| Cold Rolled | 200 (93) | .75-.85 |
| Ground Sheet | 1720-2010 (938-1099) | .55-.61 |
| Polished Sheet | 100 (38) | .07 |
| Polished Sheet | 500 (260) | .10 |
| Polished Sheet | 1000 (538) | .14 |
| Mild Steel, Polished | 75 (24) | .10 |
| Mild Steel, Smooth | 75 (24) | .12 |
| Mild Steel, Liquid | 2910-3270 (1599-1793) | .28 |
| Steel, Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .08 |
| Steel Oxidized | 77 (25) | .80 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Steel Alloys | ||
| Type 301, Polished | 75 (24) | .27 |
| Type 301, Polished | 450 (232) | .57 |
| Type 301, Polished | 1740 (949) | .55 |
| Type 303, Oxidized | 600-2000 (316-1093) | .74-.87 |
| Type 310, Rolled | 1500-2100 ((816-1149) | .56-.81 |
| Type 316, Polished | 75 (24) | .28 |
| Type 316, Polished | 450 (232) | .57 |
| Type 316, Polished | 1740 (949) | .66 |
| Type 321 | 200-800 (93-427) | .27-.32 |
| Type 321, Polished | 300-1500 (149-815) | .18-.49 |
| Type 321 w/BK Oxide | 200-800 (93-427) | .66-.76 |
| Type 347, Oxidized | 600-2000 (316-1093) | .87-.91 |
| Type 350 | 200-800 (93-427) | .18-.27 |
| Type 350 Polished | 300-1800 (149-982) | .11-.35 |
| Type 446, Polished | 300-1500 (149-815) | .15-.37 |
| Type 17-7 PH | 200-600 (93-316) | .44-.51 |
| Type 17-7 PH Polished | 300-1500 (149-815) | .09-.16 |
| Type C1020, Oxidized | 600-2000 (316-1093) | .87-.91 |
| Type PH-15-7 MO | 300-1200 (149-649) | .07-.19 |
| Stellite, Polished | 68 (20) | .18 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Tantalum | ||
| Unoxidized | 1340 (727) | .14 |
| Unoxidized | 2000 (1093) | .19 |
| Unoxidized | 3600 (1982) | .26 |
| Unoxidized | 5306 (2930) | .30 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Tin | ||
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .04 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .05 |
| Tinned Iron, Bright | 76 (24) | .05 |
| Tinned Iron, Bright | 212 (100) | .08 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Titanium | ||
| Alloy C110M, Polished | 300-1200 (149-649) | .08-.19 |
| Alloy C110M, Oxidized at 1000¡F (538¡C) | 200-800 (93-427) | .51-.61 |
| Alloy Ti-95A, Oxidized at 1000¡F (538¡C) | 200-800 (93-427) | .35-.48 |
| Anodized onto SS | 200-600 (93-316) | .96-.82 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Monel | ||
| Unoxidized | 77 (25) | .02 |
| Unoxidized | 212 (100) | .03 |
| Unoxidized | 932 (500) | .07 |
| Unoxidized | 1832 (1000) | .15 |
| Unoxidized | 2732 (1500) | .23 |
| Unoxidized | 3632 (2000) | .28 |
| Filament (Aged) | 100 (38) | .03 |
| Filament (Aged) | 1000 (538) | .11 |
| Filament (Aged) | 5000 (2760) | .35 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Uranium Oxide | 1880 (1027) | .79 |
| MATERIAL | TEMP °F (°C) | e-EMISSIVITY |
| Zinc | ||
| Bright, Galvanized | 100 (38) | .23 |
| Commercial 99.1% | 500 (260) | .05 |
| Galvanized | 100 (38) | .28 |
| Oxidized | 500-1000 (260-538) | .11 |
| Polished | 100 (38) | .02 |
| Polished | 500 (260) | .03 |
| Polished | 1000 (538) | .04 |
| Polished | 2000 (1093) | .06 |